Sec-butyl ethanoate

Synonym: butyl ethanoate

Molecular formula:	C₆H₁₂O₂
Molar mass:	116.16 g·mol^-1
CAS registry number:	123-86-4

Y.-Y. Wu, J.-W. Zhu, K. Chen, B. Wu and Y.-L. Shen
Vapor liquid equilibria for the binary mixtures of 2,3-butanediol with n-butanol, n-butyl acetate, and ethyl acetate at 101.3 kPa
Fluid Phase Equilib. • Year: 2007 • Volume: 262 • Pages: 169-173.
Keywords: Vapor liquid equilibria, 2,3-Butanediol, n-Butanol, n-Butyl acetate, Ethyl acetate
DOI: 10.1016/j.fluid.2007.09.001
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/fpe/j.fluid.2007.09.001.xml

Younis, O. A. D., Pritchard, D. W., Anwar, M. M.
Experimental isobaric vapour liquid liquid equilibrium data for the quaternary systems water (1) ethanol (2) acetone (3) n-butyl acetate (4) and water (1) ethanol (2) acetone (3) methyl ethyl ketone (4) and their partially miscible-constituent ternaries
Fluid Phase Equilib. • Year: 2007 • Volume: 251 • Pages: 149-160.
Keywords: Isobaric, VLLE, Quaternary, Ternary, Heterogeneous
DOI: 10.1016/j.fluid.2006.11.011
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/fpe/j.fluid.2006.11.011.xml

Maken, S.[Sanjeev], Deshwal, B. R.[Bal Raj], Chadha, R.[Renu], Anu, Singh, K. C.[Krishan Chander], Kim, H.[Hwayong], Park, J.-W.[Jin-Won]
Topological and thermodynamic investigations of molecular interactions in binary mixtures: Molar excess volumes and molar excess enthalpies
Fluid Phase Equilib. • Year: 2005 • Volume: 235 • Pages: 42-49.
Keywords: Molar excess volume, Molar excess enthalpy, Butyl acetate, Aromatics, Graph theoretical approach
DOI: 10.1016/j.fluid.2005.06.011
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/fpe/j.fluid.2005.06.011.xml

S. Hu, Q.-l. Chen, B.-j. Zhang, Y.-l. Liang and X.-n. Gao
Liquid liquid equilibrium of the ternary system water + acetic acid + sec-butyl acetate
Fluid Phase Equilib. • Year: 2010 • Volume: 293 • Pages: 73-78.
Keywords: LLE, Sec-Butyl Acetate, Correlation, Prediction
DOI: 10.1016/j.fluid.2010.01.005
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/fpe/j.fluid.2010.01.005.xml

Nti-Gyabaah, J., Chan, V., Chiew, Y. C.
Solubility and limiting activity coefficient of simvastatin in different organic solvents
Fluid Phase Equilib. • Year: 2009 • Volume: 280 • Pages: 35-41.
Keywords: Statins, Simvastatin, Pharmaceutical, Solubility, Alcohols, Temperature
DOI: 10.1016/j.fluid.2009.03.006
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/fpe/j.fluid.2009.03.006.xml

Resa, J. M.[Jose M.], Gonzalez, C., Concha, R. G., Iglesias, M.
Effect of Temperature on the Change of Refractive Index on Mixing for Butyl Acetate + Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Int. J. Thermophys. • Year: 2005 • Volume: 26 • Pages: 1437-1459.
Keywords: aromatic hydrocarbons, binary mixtures, butyl acetate, equation of state, refractive index, temperature
DOI: 10.1016/2005resgon3
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/ijt/2005resgon3.xml

K. Guo, Q. Yin, Y. Yang, M. Zhang and J. Wang
Solubility of Losartan Potassium in Different Pure Solvents from (293.15 to 343.15) K
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2008 • Volume: 53 • Pages: 1467-1469.
DOI: 10.1021/je7007236
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2008v53/i07/je7007236.xml

E. Lladosa, J. B. Monton, M. C. Burguet and R. Munoz
Phase Equilibrium for the Esterification Reaction of Acetic Acid + Butan-1-ol at 101.3 kPa
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2008 • Volume: 53 • Pages: 108-115.
DOI: 10.1021/je700411p
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2008v53/i01/je700411p.xml

R. Helburn, J. Albritton, G. Howe, L. Michael and D. Franke
Henry s Law Constants for Fragrance and Organic Solvent Compounds in Aqueous Industrial Surfactants
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2008 • Volume: 53 • Pages: 1071-1079.
DOI: 10.1021/je700418a
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2008v53/i05/je700418a.xml

Y.-Y. Wu, J.-W. Zhu, K. Chen, B. Wu and Y.-L. Shen
Liquid Liquid Equilibria of Water + 2,3-Butanediol + Butyl Acetate at T ) 298.15 K, T ) 308.15 K, and T ) 318.15 K
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2008 • Volume: 53 • Pages: 559-563.
DOI: 10.1021/je700705d
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2008v53/i02/je700705d.xml

J. Nti-Gyabaah and Y. C. Chiew
Solubility of Lovastatin in Ethyl Acetate, Propyl Acetate, Isopropyl Acetate, Butyl Acetate, sec-Butyl Acetate, Isobutyl Acetate, tert-Butyl Acetate, and 2-Butanone, between (285 and 313) K
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2008 • Volume: 53 • Pages: 2060-2065.
DOI: 10.1021/je800120p
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2008v53/i09/je800120p.xml

H. Costa, H. Lourenco, I. Johnson, F. A. M. M. Goncalves, A. G. M. Ferreira and I. M. A. Fonseca
Liquid-Liquid Equilibria, Density, Viscosity, and Surface and Interfacial Tension of the System Water + n-Butyl Acetate + 1-Propanol at 323.15 K and Atmospheric Pressure
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2009 • Volume: 54 • Pages: 2845-2854.
DOI: 10.1021/je900337a
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/10.1021/je900337a.xml

D. Naydenov and H.-J. Bart
Ternary Liquid-Liquid Equilibria for Systems Containing Alcohol or Acetic Acid + Ester + 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate at 313.2 K Using Headspace Gas Chromatography
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2009 • Volume: 54 • Pages: 43-47.
DOI: 10.1021/je800547k
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/10.1021/je800547k.xml

M. A. Postigo, A. Mariano, N. Zurakoski and A. F. Jara
Isobaric Vapor-Liquid Equilibria for the Binary Systems Benzene + Methyl Ethanoate, Benzene + Butyl Ethanoate, and Benzene + Methyl Heptanoate at 101.31kPa
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2009 • Volume: 54 • Pages: 1575-1579.
DOI: 10.1021/je800915d
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/10.1021/je800915d.xml

A. A. Rafati, E. Ghasemian and H. Iloukhani
Surface Tension and Surface Properties of Binary Mixtures of 1,4-Dioxane or N,N-Dimethyl Formamide with n-Alkyl Acetates
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2009 • Volume: 54 • Pages: 3224-3228.
DOI: 10.1021/je9002114
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/10.1021/je9002114.xml

M. Zhi, J. Wang, C.-Y. Jia and Y. Wang
Solubility of Cloxacillin Sodium in Different Binary Solvents
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2009 • Volume: 54 • Pages: 1084-1086.
DOI: 10.1021/je800730k
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/10.1021/je800730k.xml

D. Wei and L. Chen
Solubility of 2-Aminopyridine in Ethanol + n-Butyl Acetate from (288.15 to 318.15) K
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2009 • Volume: 54 • Pages: 1129-1130.
DOI: 10.1021/je800841v
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/10.1021/je800841v.xml

Liu, Y., Wang, J.[Jingkang], Wang, X.[Xiaobo], Liu, P.[Peng], Pang, F.[Fei]
Solubility of Valsartan in Different Organic Solvents and Ethanol + Water Binary Mixtures from (278.15 to 313.15) K
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2009 • Volume: 54 • Pages: 986-988.
DOI: 10.1021/je8007815
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/10.1021/je8007815.xml

X.-R. Liang, C.-X. Si, F.-Y. Chen, W.-k. Su and X.-N. Yu
Solubility of Tiamulin Hydrogen Fumarate in Acetone, Acetonitrile, Ethyl Acetate, Ethyl Formate, and Butyl Acetate from (288.2 to 318.2) K
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2009 • Volume: 54 • Pages: 1126-1128.
DOI: 10.1021/je800838w
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/10.1021/je800838w.xml

D. Wei, L. Chen, C. Liu and C. Zhang
Solubility of 3-Aminopyridine in Acetone + n-Butyl Acetate from (288.15 to 323.15) K
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2009 • Volume: 54 • Pages: 1163-1164.
DOI: 10.1021/je800945e
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/10.1021/je800945e.xml

X. Li, Q. Yin, W. Chen and J. Wang
Solubility of Hydroquinone in Different Solvents from 276.65 K to 345.10 K
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2006 • Volume: 51 • Pages: 127-129.
Keywords: Hydroquinone, solubility
DOI: 10.1021/je0502748
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2006v51/i01/je0502748.xml

M. N. Roy, B. Sinha and V. Kumar Dakua
Excess Molar Volumes and Viscosity Deviations of Binary Liquid Mixtures of 1,3-Dioxolane and 1,4-Dioxane with Butyl Acetate, Butyric Acid, Butylamine, and 2-Butanone at 298.15 K
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2006 • Volume: 51 • Pages: 590-594.
Keywords: excess molar volumes, viscosity, binary, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,4-dioxane, butyl acetate, butyric acid, butylamine, 2-butanone
DOI: 10.1021/je0504109
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2006v51/i02/je0504109.xml

B.-z. Ren, C.-H. Hou, H.-G. Chong, W.-R. Li and H.-J. Song
Solubility of o-Phthalic Acid in Methanol + Water and Methanol + Butyl Acetate from (295.87 to 359.75) K
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2006 • Volume: 51 • Pages: 2022-2025.
DOI: 10.1021/je0600505
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2006v51/i06/je0600505.xml

N. V. Sastry and M. C. Patel
Densities, Excess Molar Volumes, Viscosities, Speeds of Sound, Excess Isentropic Compressibilities, and Relative Permittivities for Alkyl (Methyl, Ethyl, Butyl, and Isoamyl) Acetates + Glycols at Different Temperatures
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2003 • Volume: 48 • Pages: 1019-1027.
Keywords: density, excess molar volumes, viscosities, speeds of sound, excess isentropic compressibilities, relative permittivities, alkyl acetates, glycols
DOI: 10.1021/je0340248
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2003v48/i04/je0340248.xml

H. Sun, J.-b. Gong and J.-K. Wang
Solubility of Lovastatin in Acetone, Methanol, Ethanol, Ethyl Acetate, and Butyl Acetate between 283 K and 323 K
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2005 • Volume: 50 • Pages: 1389-1391.
Keywords: solubilities, lovastatin, acetone, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate.
DOI: 10.1021/je0500781
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2005v50/i04/je0500781.xml

M. d. C. Grande and C. M. Marschoff
Liquid-Liquid Equilibria for Water + Benzonitrile + Ethyl Acetate or + Butyl Acetate
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2005 • Volume: 50 • Pages: 1324-1327.
Keywords: Liquid-liquid Equilibria, ternary system
DOI: 10.1021/je050051h
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2005v50/i04/je050051h.xml

H. Djojoputro and S. Ismadji
Density and Viscosity Correlation for Several Common Fragrance and Flavor Esters
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2005 • Volume: 50 • Pages: 727-731.
Keywords: Density, Viscosity, Fragrance, Flavor, Esters
DOI: 10.1021/je050001c
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2005v50/i02/je050001c.xml

J. Ortega, F. Espiau and M. Postigo
Vapor-Liquid Equilibria at 101.32 kPa and Excess Properties of Binary Mixtures of Butyl Esters + tert-Butyl Alcohol
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2005 • Volume: 50 • Pages: 444-454.
Keywords: Vapor-Liquid Equilibria, Excess Properties, vapor-liquid equilibria. Butyl Esters + tert-Butyl Alcohol
DOI: 10.1021/je0497350
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2005v50/i02/je0497350.xml

H. Djojoputro and S. Ismadji
Density and Viscosity for a Binary Mixture of cis-3-Hexenyl Formate, Butyl Acetate, trans-2-Hexenyl Acetate, and cis-3-Hexenyl Acetate with Ethanol at Several Temperatures
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2005 • Volume: 50 • Pages: 1009-1013.
Keywords: density, viscosity, binary mixture
DOI: 10.1021/je0500025
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2005v50/i03/je0500025.xml

D. Jing, J. Wang and Y. Wang
Solubility of Penicillin Sulfoxide in Different Solvents
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2010 • Volume: 55 • Pages: 508-509.
DOI: 10.1021/je900326e
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/10.1021/je900326e.xml

M. Hasan, A. P. Hiray, U. B. Kadam, D. F. Shirude, K. J. Kurhe and A. B. Sawant
Densities, Sound Speed, and IR Studies of (Methanol + 1-Acetoxybutane) and (Methanol + 1,1-Dimethylethyl Ester) at (298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15) K
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2010 • Volume: 55 • Pages: 535-538.
DOI: 10.1021/je900442b
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/10.1021/je900442b.xml

A. Chafer, E. Lladosa, J. B. Monton and M. Burguet
Liquid-Liquid Equilibria for the System 1-Methyl Propyl Ethanoate (1) + Acetic Acid (2) + Water (3) at (283.15 and 323.15) K
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2010 • Volume: 55 • Pages: 523-525.
DOI: 10.1021/je900332x
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/10.1021/je900332x.xml

J. Wang, L. Gao and Y. Liu
Solubility of Captopril in 2-Propanol, Acetone, Acetonitrile, Methyl Acetate, Ethyl Acetate, and Butyl Acetate
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2010 • Volume: 55 • Pages: 966-967.
DOI: 10.1021/je900401z
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/10.1021/je900401z.xml

L. Shi, B. Zhang and Y. Zhu
Solubility of 1-H-Tetrazole-1-acetic Acid in Different Solvents between 283 K and 323 K
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2007 • Volume: 52 • Pages: 1856-1857.
DOI: 10.1021/je700200b
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2007v52/i05/je700200b.xml

L. Wang, Y. Cheng, X. Xiao and X. Li
Liquid-Liquid Equilibria for the Ternary Systems Acetic Acid + Water + Butyl Acetate and Acetic Acid + Water + 2-Methyl Propyl Acetate at 304.15 K, 332.15 K, and 366.15 K
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2007 • Volume: 52 • Pages: 1255-1257.
DOI: 10.1021/je6005746
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2007v52/i04/je6005746.xml

Q.-S. Li, Y.-M. Tian and S. Wang
Solubility of Chlorpheniramine Maleate in Ethanol, 1-Propanol, 1-Butanol, Benzene, Ethyl Acetate, Ethyl Formate, and Butyl Acetate between 283 K and 333 K
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2007 • Volume: 52 • Pages: 2163-2165.
DOI: 10.1021/je7001682
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2007v52/i06/je7001682.xml

S. Wang, Q.-S. Li and M.-G. Su
Solubility of 1H-1,2,4-Triazole in Ethanol, 1-Propanol, 2-Propanol, 1,2-Propanediol, Ethyl Formate, Methyl Acetate, Ethyl Acetate, and Butyl Acetate at (283 to 363) K
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2007 • Volume: 52 • Pages: 856-858.
DOI: 10.1021/je060452c
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2007v52/i03/je060452c.xml

Z. Jiqin, C. Jian, L. Chengyue and F. Weiyang
Viscosities and Interfacial Properties of I-Methyl-3-butylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate and 1-Isobutenyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Ionic Liquids
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2007 • Volume: 52 • Pages: 812-816.
Keywords: viscosity of RTIL, interfacial properties of air-RTIL, organic compounds-RTIL, solid-RTIL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-isobutenyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate,
DOI: 10.1021/je0604277
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2007v52/i03/je0604277.xml

S. Wang, Q.-S. Li, X. Z. Lin, H. R. Wang and L. Liu
Solubility of 3-Nitrophthalic Acid in Different Solvents between 278 K and 353 K
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2007 • Volume: 52 • Pages: 876-877.
DOI: 10.1021/je0604737
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2007v52/i03/je0604737.xml

Ortega, J.[Juan], Espiau, F., Toledo, F. J.
Thermodynamic properties of (an ester + an alkane). XVI. Experimental HEm and V Em values and a new correlation method for (an alkyl ethanoate + an n-alkane) at 318.15 K
J. Chem. Thermodyn. • Year: 2004 • Volume: 36 • Pages: 193-209.
Keywords: Excess enthalpies, Excess volumes, Alkyl ethanoate, Alkane, Correlations
DOI: 10.1016/2004ortesp0
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jct/2004v36/i03/2004ortesp0.xml

A. A. Rafati and E. Ghasemian
Experimental and theoretical study of surface tension of binary mixtures of (n-alkyl acetates + heptane, benzene, and toluene)
J. Chem. Thermodyn. • Year: 2009 • Volume: 41 • Pages: 386-391.
Keywords: n-Alkyl acetate Surface tension prediction UNIFAC Redlich Kister
DOI: 10.1016/j.jct.2008.10.009
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/10.1016/j.jct.2008.10.009.xml

Pereiro, A. B., Tojo, E., Rodriguez, A., Canosa, J., Tojo, J.
Properties of ionic liquid HMIMPF6 with carbonates, ketones and alkyl acetates
J. Chem. Thermodyn. • Year: 2006 • Volume: 38 • Pages: 651-661.
Keywords: Physical properties, Solubility, LLE, Ionic liquids, HMIMPF6
DOI: 10.1016/j.jct.2005.07.020
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jct/2006v38/i06/j.jct.2005.07.020.xml

Ortega. J., Marrero, E., Toledo, F. J.
Thermodynamic study of (alkyl esters + alpha,omega-alkyl dihalides)III. Hex and Vex for 20 binary mixtures {xC(u-1)H(2u-1)CO2C4H9 + (1-x)alpha,omega-ClCH2(CH2)(v-2)CH2Cl}, where u = 1 to 4, alpha = 1 and v = omega = 2 to 6
J. Chem. Thermodyn. • Year: 2006 • Volume: 38 • Pages: 1139-1149.
Keywords: Excess enthalpy, Excess volume, Butyl esters, Dichloroalkane, UNIFAC
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jct/2006v38/i09/2006ortmar0.xml

A. Mariano, M. Postigo, D. Gonzalez-Salgado and L. Romani
Densities, speeds of sound, and refractive indices of the ternary mixtures (toluene + methyl acetate + butyl acetate) and (toluene + methyl acetate + methyl heptanoate) at 298.15 K
J. Chem. Thermodyn. • Year: 2007 • Volume: 39 • Pages: 218-224.
Keywords: Density, Speed of sound, Refractive index, Toluene, Esters
DOI: 10.1016/j.jct.2006.07.013
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/jct/j.jct.2006.07.013.xml

Y.-Y. Yang, J.-H. Deng, H.-L. Yang, X.-H. Zheng, G.-Q. Che and Z.-Q. Huang
Densities, surface tensions, and derived surface thermodynamics properties of (trimethylbenzene + propyl acetate, or butyl acetate) from T = 298.15 K to 313.15 K
J. Chem. Thermodyn. • Year: 2007 • Volume: 39 • Pages: 438-448.
Keywords: Density, Excess molar volume, Surface tension, Trimethylbenzene, Propyl acetate, Butyl acetate
DOI: 10.1016/j.jct.2006.07.025
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/jct/j.jct.2006.07.025.xml

L. Sarkar and M. N. Roy
Studies on liquid liquid interactions of some ternary mixtures by density, viscosity, ultrasonic speed and refractive index measurements
Thermochim. Acta • Year: 2009 • Volume: 496 • Pages: 124-128.
Keywords: Excess molar volumes, Viscosity deviations, Isentropic compressibilities, Refractive indices, Alkyl acetates
DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2009.07.011
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/10.1016/j.tca.2009.07.011.xml

Oswal, S. L.[Shanti Lal], Desai, J. S., Ijardar, S. P., Malek, N. I.
Studies of viscosities of dilute solutions of alkylamine in non-electrolyte solvents. II. Haloalkanes and other polar solvents
Thermochim. Acta • Year: 2005 • Volume: 427 • Pages: 51-60.
Keywords: Viscosities, Alkylamine, Non-electrolyte solvents, Herskovits and Kelly equation, Nakagawa equation
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/tca/2005v427/i01/2005oswdes0.xml

Oswal, S. L., Gardas, R. L., Phalak, R. P.
Densities, speeds of sound, isentropic compressibilities, refractive indexes, and viscosities of tetrahydrofuran with haloalkane or alkyl ethanoate at T = 303.15 K
Thermochim. Acta • Year: 2005 • Volume: 426 • Pages: 199-206.
Keywords: Isentropic compressibility, Excess molar volume, Refractive index, Speed of sound, Tetrahydrofuran, Viscosity
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/tca/2005v426/i01/2005oswgar0.xml