Ethanoic acid, methyl ester

Synonym: methyl ethanoate

Molecular formula:	C₃H₆O₂
Molar mass:	74.08 g·mol^-1
CAS registry number:	79-20-9

A. Blahut, M. Sobota, V. Dohnal and P. Vrbka
Activity coefficients at infinite dilution of organic solutes in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate
Fluid Phase Equilib. • Year: 2010 • Volume: 299 • Pages: 198-206.
Keywords: Limiting activity coefficients, Gas liquid partition coefficients, Thermodynamic properties of dissolution, [EMIM][MeSO3], Linear free energy relationship, Separation selectivity;
DOI: 10.1016/j.fluid.2010.10.008
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/fpe/j.fluid.2010.10.008.xml

S. Cehreli, D. Ozmen and U. Dramur
(Liquid + liquid) equilibria of (water + 1-propanol + solvent) at T = 298.2K
Fluid Phase Equilib. • Year: 2006 • Volume: 239 • Pages: 156-160.
Keywords: LLE, 1-Propanol, UNIFAC, UNIQUAC
DOI: 10.1016/j.fluid.2005.11.024
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/fpe/j.fluid.2005.11.024.xml

I. Navarro-Espinosa, C. A. Cardona and J. A. Lopez
Experimental measurements of vapor liquid equilibria at low pressure: Systems containing alcohols, esters and organic acids
Fluid Phase Equilib. • Year: 2010 • Volume: 287 • Pages: 141-145.
Keywords: Vapor-liquid equilibrium, Low pressure, Parameters optimization, Reactive mixtures.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fluid.2009.10.002
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/fpe/j.fluid.2009.10.002.xml

C.-T. Hsieh, W.-Y. Ji, H. M. Lin and M. J. Lee
Multiphase equilibria for mixtures containing water, acetic acid, propionic acid, methyl acetate and methyl propionate
Fluid Phase Equilib. • Year: 2008 • Volume: 271 • Pages: 69-75.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fluid.2008.07.004
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/fpe/j.fluid.2008.07.004.xml

D. Sen and M. G. Kim
Excess molar volumes and excess molar enthalpies for binary mixtures of 1,2-dichloropropane with methyl ethanoate, methyl propanoate, and methyl butanoate at T = 298.15K
Fluid Phase Equilib. • Year: 2011 • Volume: 303 • Pages: 85-90.
Keywords: Excess molar volumes, Excess molar enthalpies, Redlich-Kister equation, Local-composition models, 1,2-Dichloropropane, Methyl alkanoates
DOI: 10.1016/j.fluid.2011.01.005
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/fpe/j.fluid.2011.01.005.xml

E. Collinet and J. Gmehling
Activity coefficient at infinite dilution, azeotropic data, excess enthalpies and solid liquid-equilibria for binary systems of alkanes and aromatics with esters
Fluid Phase Equilib. • Year: 2005 • Volume: 230 • Pages: 131-142.
Keywords: VTPR, Modified UNIFAC (Dortmund), Activity coefficients at infinite dilution, Azeotropic data, Excess enthalpies, Solid liquid equilibria
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/fpe/2005v230/i01/2005colgme0.xml

S. Bernatova, K. Aim and I. Wichterle
Isothermal vapour liquid equilibrium with chemical reaction in the quaternary water + methanol + acetic acid + methyl acetate system, and in five binary subsystems
Fluid Phase Equilib. • Year: 2006 • Volume: 247 • Pages: 96-101.
Keywords: Esterification, Phase equilibrium, Chemical reaction, Methanol, Acetic acid
DOI: 10.1016/j.fluid.2006.06.005
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/fpe/j.fluid.2006.06.005.xml

Nti-Gyabaah, J., Chan, V., Chiew, Y. C.
Solubility and limiting activity coefficient of simvastatin in different organic solvents
Fluid Phase Equilib. • Year: 2009 • Volume: 280 • Pages: 35-41.
Keywords: Statins, Simvastatin, Pharmaceutical, Solubility, Alcohols, Temperature
DOI: 10.1016/j.fluid.2009.03.006
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/fpe/j.fluid.2009.03.006.xml

Pereiro, A. B., Canosa, J., Rodriguez, A.
Liquid liquid equilibria of 1,3-dimethylimidazolium methyl sulfate with ketones, dialkyl carbonates and acetates
Fluid Phase Equilib. • Year: 2007 • Volume: 254 • Pages: 150-157.
Keywords: Liquid liquid equilibria, Ionic liquids, 1,3-Dimethylimidazolium methyl sulfate, Correlation, NRTL
DOI: 10.1016/j.fluid.2007.02.027
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/fpe/j.fluid.2007.02.027.xml

M. Kato, K. Sugiyama, M. Sato and D. Kodama
Volumetric property for carbon dioxide + methyl acetate system at 313.15K
Fluid Phase Equilib. • Year: 2007 • Volume: 257 • Pages: 207-211.
Keywords: PVT, Density, Data, Mixture, Carbon dioxide, Methyl acetate
DOI: 10.1016/j.fluid.2007.01.033
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/fpe/j.fluid.2007.01.033.xml

L. M. Casas, B. Orge and O. Ferreira
Liquid Liquid Equilibria of Mixtures Containing Methyl Acetate + Methanol + Hexane or Heptane
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2008 • Volume: 53 • Pages: 89-93.
DOI: 10.1021/je700397g
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2008v53/i01/je700397g.xml

J. Nti-Gyabaah and Y. C. Chiew
Solubility of Lovastatin in Ethyl Acetate, Propyl Acetate, Isopropyl Acetate, Butyl Acetate, sec-Butyl Acetate, Isobutyl Acetate, tert-Butyl Acetate, and 2-Butanone, between (285 and 313) K
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2008 • Volume: 53 • Pages: 2060-2065.
DOI: 10.1021/je800120p
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2008v53/i09/je800120p.xml

Y. Tian, X. Wang and J. Wang
Densities and Viscosities of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate + Molecular Solvent Binary Mixtures
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2008 • Volume: 53 • Pages: 2056-2059.
DOI: 10.1021/je8001128
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2008v53/i09/je8001128.xml

M. A. Postigo, A. Mariano, N. Zurakoski and A. F. Jara
Isobaric Vapor-Liquid Equilibria for the Binary Systems Benzene + Methyl Ethanoate, Benzene + Butyl Ethanoate, and Benzene + Methyl Heptanoate at 101.31kPa
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2009 • Volume: 54 • Pages: 1575-1579.
DOI: 10.1021/je800915d
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/10.1021/je800915d.xml

Liu, Y., Wang, J.[Jingkang], Wang, X.[Xiaobo], Liu, P.[Peng], Pang, F.[Fei]
Solubility of Valsartan in Different Organic Solvents and Ethanol + Water Binary Mixtures from (278.15 to 313.15) K
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2009 • Volume: 54 • Pages: 986-988.
DOI: 10.1021/je8007815
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/10.1021/je8007815.xml

M. N. Roy, B. K. Sarkar and B. Sinha
Densities and Viscosities of Ternary Mixtures of Cyclohexane + Cyclohexanone + Some Alkyl Acetates at 298.15 K
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2009 • Volume: 54 • Pages: 1076-1083.
DOI: 10.1021/je8007217
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/10.1021/je8007217.xml

J. M. Resa, J. M. Goenaga and A. I. Sanchez-Ruiz
Density, Refractive Index, Speed of Sound at 298.15 K, and Vapor-Liquid Equilibria at 101.3 kPa for Binary Mixtures of Ethyl Acetate + Ethyl Lactate and Methyl Acetate + Ethyl Lactate
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2006 • Volume: 51 • Pages: 1294-1299.
DOI: 10.1021/je060052p
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2006v51/i04/je060052p.xml

Xiao, H., Lei, Y. D.[Ying Duan], Wania, F.[Frank]
Determination of Partitioning Coefficients of Numerous Organic Solutes between a Long-Chain Aliphatic Alcohol and the Gas Phase as a Function of Temperature
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2006 • Volume: 51 • Pages: 338-346.
Keywords: Partitioning coefficients, 44 organic solutes,
DOI: 10.1021/je050368h
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2006v51/i02/je050368h.xml

J. Ortega, F. Espiau, J. Tojo, J. Canosa and A. Rodriguez
Isobaric Vapor-Liquid Equilibria and Excess Properties for the Binary Systems of Methyl Esters + Heptane
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2003 • Volume: 48 • Pages: 1183-1190.
Keywords: VLE, excess volume, excess enthalpy
DOI: 10.1021/je030117d
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2003v48/i05/je030117d.xml

N. V. Sastry and M. C. Patel
Densities, Excess Molar Volumes, Viscosities, Speeds of Sound, Excess Isentropic Compressibilities, and Relative Permittivities for Alkyl (Methyl, Ethyl, Butyl, and Isoamyl) Acetates + Glycols at Different Temperatures
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2003 • Volume: 48 • Pages: 1019-1027.
Keywords: density, excess molar volumes, viscosities, speeds of sound, excess isentropic compressibilities, relative permittivities, alkyl acetates, glycols
DOI: 10.1021/je0340248
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2003v48/i04/je0340248.xml

H. Dong, R. Zhang, W. Yan and S. Li
Excess Molar Enthalpies of Methyl Acetate and (1-Propanol, 2-Propanol, 1-Butanol, 2-Butanol, and 1-Pentanol) at T = (298.15 and 308.15) K and P = (5.0 and 10.0) MPa
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2005 • Volume: 50 • Pages: 1907-1910.
Keywords: excess enthalpies
DOI: 10.1021/je050175u
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2005v50/i06/je050175u.xml

Z. Atik, D. Gruber, M. Krummen and J. Gmehling
Measurement of Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution of Benzene, Toluene, Ethanol, Esters, Ketones, and Ethers at Various Temperatures in Water Using the Dilutor Technique
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2004 • Volume: 49 • Pages: 1429-1432.
Keywords: activity coefficients, infinite dilution, benzene, toluene, ethanol, esters, ketones, ethers, partial molar excess enthalpies, enthalpy of mixing data.
DOI: 10.1021/je049875+
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2004v49/i05/je049875+.xml

D. Agarwal and M. Singh
Densities and Viscosities of Binary Liquid Mixtures of Trichloroethylene and Tetrachloroethylene with Some Polar and Nonpolar Solvents
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2004 • Volume: 49 • Pages: 1218-1224.
Keywords: density, viscosity
DOI: 10.1021/je034203p
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2004v49/i05/je034203p.xml

B. Gonzalez, A. Dominguez and J. Tojo
Dynamic Viscosities, Densities, and Speed of Sound and Derived Properties of the Binary Systems Acetic Acid with Water, Methanol, Ethanol, Ethyl Acetate and Methyl Acetate at T = (293.15, 298.15, and 303.15) K at Atmospheric Pressure
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2004 • Volume: 49 • Pages: 1590-1596.
Keywords: viscosity, density, speed of sound, acetic acid, water, methaonl, ethanol, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate
DOI: 10.1021/je0342825
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2004v49/i06/je0342825.xml

J. Ortega, F. Espiau and M. Postigo
Excess Properties and Isobaric Vapor-Liquid Equilibria for Binary Mixtures of Methyl Esters + tert-Butanol
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2004 • Volume: 49 • Pages: 1602-1612.
Keywords: Excess Properties and Isobaric Vapor-Liquid Equilibria for Binary Mixtures of Methyl Esters + tert-Butanol
DOI: 10.1021/je034290l
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2004v49/i06/je034290l.xml

Casas, L. M.[Lidia M.], Orge, B., Tojo, J.
Liquid-Liquid Equilibria of Methyl Acetate + Methanol + Octane or Nonane
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2004 • Volume: 49 • Pages: 664-667.
Keywords: Liquid-liquid equilibria, octane, nonane, methanol, methyl acetate
DOI: 10.1021/je0342365
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2004v49/i03/je0342365.xml

S. Zhao, H. Chen, X. Chen, J. Zhou and L. Wang
Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium of Ternary and Quaternary Systems Including Methyl Acetate, Benzene, Toluene, and Water at 283.2 K under Atmosphere
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2010 • Volume: 55 • Pages: 5276-5279.
DOI: 10.1021/je100077z
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/10.1021/je100077z.xml

Deenadayalu, N., Bahadur, I., Hofman, T.
Ternary Excess Molar Volumes of {Methyltrioctylammonium Bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide + Methanol + Methyl Acetate or Ethyl Acetate} Systems at (298.15, 303.15, and 313.15) K
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2010 • Volume: 55 • Pages: 2636-2642.
DOI: 10.1021/je900906j
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/10.1021/je900906j.xml

C. E. O'Farrell and W. E. Waghorne
Henry s Law Constants of Organic Compounds in Water and n-Octane at T = 293.2 K
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2010 • Volume: 55 • Pages: 1655-1658.
DOI: 10.1021/je900711h
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/10.1021/je900711h.xml

J. Wang, L. Gao and Y. Liu
Solubility of Captopril in 2-Propanol, Acetone, Acetonitrile, Methyl Acetate, Ethyl Acetate, and Butyl Acetate
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2010 • Volume: 55 • Pages: 966-967.
DOI: 10.1021/je900401z
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/10.1021/je900401z.xml

C. Bermudez-Salguero and J. Gracia-Fadrique
Surface Tension Data of Aqueous Binary Mixtures of Methyl, Ethyl, Propyl, and Butyl Acetates at 298.15 K
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2010 • Volume: 55 • Pages: 2905-2908.
DOI: 10.1021/je900962v
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/10.1021/je900962v.xml

Vercher, E.[Ernesto], Llopis, F. J.[Francisco J.], Gonzalez-Alfaro, M. V., Martinez-Andreu, A.[Antoni]
Density, Speed of Sound, and Refractive Index of 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Trifluoromethanesulfonate with Acetone, Methyl Acetate, and Ethyl Acetate at Temperatures from (278.15 to 328.15) K
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2010 • Volume: 55 • Pages: 1377-1388.
DOI: 10.1021/je9005618
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/10.1021/je9005618.xml

Miller, M. B.[Matthew B.], Chen, D.-L.[De-Li], Leubke, D. R.[David R.], Johnson, J. K., Enick, R. M.[Robert M.]
Critical Assessment of CO2 Solubility in Volatile Solvents at 298.15 K
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2011 • Volume: 56 • Pages: 1565-1572.
DOI: 10.1021/je101161d
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/10.1021/je101161d.xml

J. Cai, X. Cui, Y. Zhang, R. Li and T. Feng
Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium and Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium of Methyl Acetate + Methanol + 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Acetate
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2011 • Volume: 56 • Pages: 282-287.
DOI: 10.1021/je100932m
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/10.1021/je100932m.xml

J. Cai, X. Cui, Y. Zhang, R. Li and T. Feng
Article Isobaric Vapor Liquid Equilibrium for Methanol + Methyl Acetate + 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate at 101.3 kPa
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2011 • Volume: 56 • Pages: 2884-2888.
DOI: 10.1021/je2000588
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/10.1021/je2000588.xml

D. Cao, G. Zhao and W. Yan
Solubilities of Betulin in Fourteen Organic Solvents at Different Temperatures
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2007 • Volume: 52 • Pages: 1366-1368.
DOI: 10.1021/je700069g
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2007v52/i04/je700069g.xml

S. Wang, Q.-S. Li and M.-G. Su
Solubility of 1H-1,2,4-Triazole in Ethanol, 1-Propanol, 2-Propanol, 1,2-Propanediol, Ethyl Formate, Methyl Acetate, Ethyl Acetate, and Butyl Acetate at (283 to 363) K
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2007 • Volume: 52 • Pages: 856-858.
DOI: 10.1021/je060452c
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2007v52/i03/je060452c.xml

Orchilles, A. V., Miguel, P. J.[Pablo J.], Vercher, E.[Ernesto], Martinez-Andreu, A.[Antoni]
Isobaric Vapor-Liquid Equilibria for Methyl Acetate + Methanol + 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Trifluoromethanesulfonate at 100 kPa
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2007 • Volume: 52 • Pages: 915-920.
Keywords: isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium, methyl acetate, methanol, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, ionic liquids
DOI: 10.1021/je600518s
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2007v52/i03/je600518s.xml

S. Wang, Q.-S. Li, X. Z. Lin, H. R. Wang and L. Liu
Solubility of 3-Nitrophthalic Acid in Different Solvents between 278 K and 353 K
J. Chem. Eng. Data • Year: 2007 • Volume: 52 • Pages: 876-877.
DOI: 10.1021/je0604737
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jced/2007v52/i03/je0604737.xml

L. M. Casas, B. Orge, C. Diaz and J. Tojo
Liquid--liquid equilibria for mixtures of {methyl acetate + methanol + n-alkane (C10--C12)} at several temperatures and 1 atm
J. Chem. Thermodyn. • Year: 2004 • Volume: 36 • Pages: 237-243.
Keywords: Liquid-liquid equilibria, Methyl acetate, Methanol, Correlation, Prediction
DOI: 10.1016/2004casorg0
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jct/2004v36/i03/2004casorg0.xml

Ortega, J.[Juan], Espiau, F., Toledo, F. J.
Thermodynamic properties of (an ester + an alkane). XVI. Experimental HEm and V Em values and a new correlation method for (an alkyl ethanoate + an n-alkane) at 318.15 K
J. Chem. Thermodyn. • Year: 2004 • Volume: 36 • Pages: 193-209.
Keywords: Excess enthalpies, Excess volumes, Alkyl ethanoate, Alkane, Correlations
DOI: 10.1016/2004ortesp0
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jct/2004v36/i03/2004ortesp0.xml

Pereiro, A. B., Tojo, E., Rodriguez, A., Canosa, J., Tojo, J.
Properties of ionic liquid HMIMPF6 with carbonates, ketones and alkyl acetates
J. Chem. Thermodyn. • Year: 2006 • Volume: 38 • Pages: 651-661.
Keywords: Physical properties, Solubility, LLE, Ionic liquids, HMIMPF6
DOI: 10.1016/j.jct.2005.07.020
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/jct/2006v38/i06/j.jct.2005.07.020.xml

Ortega, J., Navas, A., Placido, J.
Thermodynamic study of (alkyl esters + alpha,omega-alkyl dihalides) IV: Hex and Vex for 25 binary mixtures {xC(u-1)H(2u-1)CO2CH3 + (1-x)alpha,omega-BrCH2(CH2)(v-2)CH2Br}, where u = 1 to 5, alpha = 1 and v = omega = 2 to 6
J. Chem. Thermodyn. • Year: 2007 • Volume: 39 • Pages: 128-141.
Keywords: Excess volume, Excess enthalpy, Dibromoalkane, Ester, UNIFAC
DOI: 10.1016/j.jct.2006.05.004
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/jct/j.jct.2006.05.004.xml

A. Mariano, M. Postigo, D. Gonzalez-Salgado and L. Romani
Densities, speeds of sound, and refractive indices of the ternary mixtures (toluene + methyl acetate + butyl acetate) and (toluene + methyl acetate + methyl heptanoate) at 298.15 K
J. Chem. Thermodyn. • Year: 2007 • Volume: 39 • Pages: 218-224.
Keywords: Density, Speed of sound, Refractive index, Toluene, Esters
DOI: 10.1016/j.jct.2006.07.013
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/jct/j.jct.2006.07.013.xml

B. Gonzalez, N. Calvar, E. Gomez and A. Dominguez
Density, dynamic viscosity, and derived properties of binary mixtures of methanol or ethanol with water, ethyl acetate, and methyl acetate at T = (293.15, 298.15, and 303.15) K
J. Chem. Thermodyn. • Year: 2007 • Volume: 39 • Pages: 1578-1588.
Keywords: Viscosity, Density, Excess molar volume, Viscosity deviations, Excess free energy of activation, Water, Ethanol, Methanol, Ethyl acetate, Methyl acetate, UNIQUAC, UNIFAC-VISCO, ASOG-VISCO
DOI: 10.1016/j.jct.2007.05.004
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/jct/j.jct.2007.05.004.xml

L. Sarkar and M. N. Roy
Studies on liquid liquid interactions of some ternary mixtures by density, viscosity, ultrasonic speed and refractive index measurements
Thermochim. Acta • Year: 2009 • Volume: 496 • Pages: 124-128.
Keywords: Excess molar volumes, Viscosity deviations, Isentropic compressibilities, Refractive indices, Alkyl acetates
DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2009.07.011
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/ThermoML/10.1016/j.tca.2009.07.011.xml

Oswal, S. L., Gardas, R. L., Phalak, R. P.
Densities, speeds of sound, isentropic compressibilities, refractive indexes, and viscosities of tetrahydrofuran with haloalkane or alkyl ethanoate at T = 303.15 K
Thermochim. Acta • Year: 2005 • Volume: 426 • Pages: 199-206.
Keywords: Isentropic compressibility, Excess molar volume, Refractive index, Speed of sound, Tetrahydrofuran, Viscosity
ThermoML: http://trc.nist.gov/journals/tca/2005v426/i01/2005oswgar0.xml