Indexes for functional-group ligands have been generated to provide quick identification of frequently occurring ligands and look-up of appropriate short forms of their names for use in line formulae of complex molecules. The indexes are:
According to the rules of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), a group name ends in -yl. Groups are formal derivatives of compounds. The name of an alkyl group is derived from the parent alkane; for example, ethyl from ethane. Modification of an alkyl group by introducing unsaturated bonds and/or heteroatoms results into functional groups. A group contains one or more open (or dangling) bonds or, physically speaking, unpaired electrons. A chemical species, which exists with an unpaired electron, is called a free radical. Group and radical nomenclature are identical. Within a metal-ligand complex, a group can formally be considered as a substituent at the metal atom.
Notes on group-name abbreviations
Abbreviations of group names are at least two characters long. Group abbreviations often resemble the symbol notation of chemical elements, starting with an upper-case letter that is followed by a lower-case letter. In fact, group and element notations may clash. No is the symbol of the element nobelium and therefore not avaiable to denote the nonyl group. We use the abbreviation Nn for nonyl. On the other hand, Pr has been used so frequently to represent a propyl group, although it is the element symbol of praseodymium, that it will be difficult to change such a habit. Often, the context or annotated placement within a notation or formula is sufficient to evaporate ambiguity (also see: Alkyl group symbols).In cases, where isomeric groups have to be distinguished, group abbreviations are longer. For example, the short forms o-Tol, m-Tol, and p-Tol stand for o-tolyl, m-tolyl, and p-tolyl (systematic names: 2-methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, and 4-methylphenyl), respectively.
Selected references
| [Hell2001] | D. Hellwinkel:
Systematic Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry.
Springer-Verlag,
Berlin · Heidelberg · New York, 2001. ISBN: 3-540-41138-0 |
| [IUPAC2005] |
Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry. IUPAC Recommendations
2005 Prepared for publication by Neil G. Connelly,
Ture Damhus, Richard M. Hartshorn, and Alan T. Hutton.
RCS Publishing,
Thomas Graham House, Science Park, Milton Road,
Cambridge CB4 0WF, UK, 2005. Section IR-4.4.4: Ligand abbreviations (also: Table VII) |
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