The following table shows designators for new chemical elements.
These designators are used in the scientific literature for
a virtual chemical element until experimental evidence of its
existence may result in a permanent name and symbol received
from the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
The element name is derived from the atomic number by replacing the
digits by numerical roots [1]:
un for 1,
bi for 2,
tri for 3,
quad for 4,
pent for 5,
hex for 6,
sept for 7,
oct for 8,
enn for 9 and
nil for 0.
The name is terminated by ium; or by
um,
if the preceding root ends in letter i.
The final n of
enn
is elided when it occurs before nil.
Corresponding atomic symbols are derived by taking the
first letters of the three numerical roots writing the first
letter in upper case and the following two in lower case.
The notes contain names recently approved by IUPAC or names
with the prefix eka, which was used by Dmitri
Mendeleev and others to provisionally name chemical elements
that occur one place down from the element with the
prefix-following name, within a periodic-table column.
|
| Atomic Number |
Atomic Symbol |
Element name |
Note |
| 112 |
Uub |
ununbium |
now named copernicium, Cn [2,3] |
| 113 |
Uut |
ununtrium |
known as eka-thallium |
| 114 |
Uuq |
ununquadium |
now named flerovium, Fl [4-6] |
| 115 |
Uup |
ununpentium |
known as eka-bismuth |
| 116 |
Uuh |
ununhexium |
now named livermorium, Lv [4-6] |
| 117 |
Uus |
ununseptium |
known as eka-astatine |
| 118 |
Uuo |
ununoctium |
known as eka-radon |
| 119 |
Uue |
ununennium |
|
| 120 |
Ubn |
unbinilium |
|
| 121 |
Ubu |
unbiunium |
|
| 122 |
Ubb |
unbibium |
|
| 123 |
Ubt |
unbitrium |
|
| 124 |
Ubq |
unbiquadium |
|
| 125 |
Ubp |
unbipentium |
|
| 126 |
Ubh |
unbihexium |
|
| 127 |
Ubs |
unbiseptium |
|
| 128 |
Ubo |
unbioctium |
|
| 129 |
Ube |
unbiennium |
|
| 130 |
Utn |
untrinilium |
|
| 131 |
Utu |
untriunium |
|
| 132 |
Utb |
untribium |
|
|
The three-letter atomic symbols are used in
CurlySMILES
notations to encode atoms of respective elements by using the
wildcard notation for the atomic node and annotate it via
the MDAM
marker !a and key
nuc;
for example,
[*]{!anuc=Uuo} for 118Uuo.
The history of the discovery of
chemical elements beyond uranium
is nicely illustrated in a three-dimensional graph,
showing the year of discovery against
the atomic mass number and the
half-life of the most long-lived isotope
(pages 118 and 119 in [7]). The historical path is coming close
to the island of stability,
a region of superheavy elements lasting years.
Nuclear physicist Yuri Oganessian of the JINR Dubna lab
(north of Moscow, Russia) says that this island has been
discovered and now is the time to explore it [7].
|
References
| [1] |
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (prepared
for publication by N. G. Connelly, T. Damhus, R. M. Hartshorn
and A. T. Hutton):
Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry.
RCS Publishing,
Cambridge, UK,
2005;
page 47 and Table II on page 250.
|
| [2] |
R. C. Barber, H. W. Gäggler,
P. J. Karol, H. Nakahara, E. Vardaci and E. Vogt:
Discovery of the element with
atomic number 112 (IUPAC Technical Report)
.
Pure Appl. Chem.
2009,
81,
1331-1343.
doi:
10.1351/PAC-REP-08-03-05
.
|
| [3] |
IUPAC Wire:
Happy Birthday Copernicus.
Chemistry International
March-April 2010,
32,
16.
|
| [4] |
Adam Mann:
2 New Elements Named on Periodic Table
May 31, 2012
[www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/05/flerovium-livermorium/].
|
| [5] |
Anne M. Stark:
Livermorium and Flerovium join the periodic table
May 31, 2012
[phys.org/news/2012-05-livermorium-flerovium-periodic-table-elements.html].
|
| [6] |
Alexandra Witze:
Flerovium and livermorium debut on periodic table.
ScienceNews, June 1, 2012
[www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/341221/title/Flerovium_and_livermorium_debut_on_periodic_table].
|
| [7] |
R. Dunn:
Element Hunters.
National Geographic
2013,
223,
112-121
[ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2013/05/element-hunters/dunn-text ].
|
|
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